RES Handbook Vol 8 Part 1a. Hymenoptera. Cynipoidea. Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls)

Hymenoptera, the British species, as listed in Kloet and Hincks (1945), numbering just over two hundred. Most are very small to medium-sized insects, and are usually black, red or yellow, or combinations of these colours, smooth or sculptured, but without the brilliant metallic colouring found in some other Hymenoptera. The majority are parasitic, but one subfamily, the Cynipinae, consists in greater part of species that are phytophagous and cause galls on a number of plants. It is this subfamily that forms the subject of the present work.